“Copyright”
-Intellectual property laws creators own their own materials
Subject matter: must be writings fixed in a tangible form of expression
Only covers expression, not ideas or facts
Original work that is independently created (a low bar for creativity)
Names and symbols aren’t covered

-Singing the Happy Birthday” song in public is actually copyright infringement since the song has been a copyright
Though the melody of the Happy Birthday song was taken from another song it is covered by the law as being copyright
-I have mixed feelings about the issue of copyright because I do think work generated by the original artist should be covered and they should be compensated for it as well as receive their due credit when it is sampled but on the flip side of this there is the argument that some things are so public and common that it is almost impossible to track everyone down and charge them for copyright infringement
This is definitely the case for the “Happy Birthday” song
Who hasn’t sung this song at one point or another? Should everyone who has ever sung the song or hum the melody be charged?
This seems to be a complicated issue that has left me with more questions than answers

“The DIgital Music Theory”

-Brandenburg lead the investigation to locate the original of mp3 and Swiker who was an anatomy guy who created products in the analog era
Moving sounds together to trick the human ear through Physio acidic masking illusion
Analysis by synthesis-Breaking up audio into bits. Overlapping tones
To me this is complicated since I’m not into computer science but I’m pretty sure this is just a means of manipulating data
Huffman coding- by David Hoffman in 1950s look for patterns to combine bits pure simple tone
The original six -the team that helped Brandenburg
Stream music
Store music
They created comprehension technology
At&t and other large companies gave money to move this tech forward
A filter bank- tech that split sound into component frequencies
M peg game their endorsement of the New compressed music tech MP2 and the MP3 different format for digitizing music
-online platforms were developed for creating and distributing music
Grew from peer to peer sharing to large scale downloading

Coim-The bit Torrence- make downloading faster by taking small bits from one song as multiple ppl were downloading it then convinced the bits together for the full song to play
Seen fanner (college student) created Napster-trading mp3 online
Options to streaming music became the digital jootbox
The AAC tech took over, which was created by the Fran Hoffer team and backed by corporations
Wares (software) -digital piracy of anything with sound music games even porn
Steve Church-telcoe
He listened the to the national hockey league to play music during games
1995 is the start of mp3 on North America during the new hockey season
Lp3 was a tool for ppl to create their own mp3 files at home
Later Intel was the first processor that could play a mp3 files from CDs
Brandenburg
The first handheld mp5 was the size of a brick and only held over minutes of sound
They created wind play for Windows 95 it could play 20 songs
By 1995 it cost $5

“Wikipedia and Crowdsourcing”

I’m glad Wikipedia finally have policies for controlling the info displayed on their site there was a time when any and everyone with access to a computer could edit and post on this site One of my classmates in high school adjusted the facts on a post about an actual historical event on Wikipedia and it remained there for a while
I think it was a wise decision for Wikipedia to hire a team to monitor the accuracy of content being posted through them BUT I also think they don’t want smoke with the new supreme court judge so they decided to delete the post made about him and released a statement
The repetition of Wikipedia has been tainted for years to the point that teachers stopped allowing them to be used as a source for research
For me the lines have been blurred on what is opinion-based info and what are true facts( unbiased)

“The Novice in archives/Internet history”

-Authority of history and control of media being shared on the internet
Www: is a free universal exchange of info-Tim Burns Lee
Wikipedia: Lack of ability to sustain attention creation of hypermedia-Claude Shannon

The process of locating information has drastically changed People can go straight to the primary source for info instead of conducting physical searches for printed material There is no longer a need for specialized credentials to gain access Now everyone has authority if you through their electronic devices

After reading through my notes from this course I am utterly confused. We have covered musical genres and their historical origins, race in music and pop culture, along with technical information regarding data (the storage of it, manipulation of it, and various forms of it), as well as actual history lessons about this country At this point I’m not sure what to expect when I go to class

HIS 390 – 11/7 class
“copyright sampling and hip-hop”

-Sampling aka stealing if you don’t do it correctly by correctly I mean getting permission from the original creator and making it your own and most importantly the new product MUSt be good

Sampling is common in music especially in Hip Hop it used to be seen as a form of flattery until it became about big business with the music industry nevertheless it is something an aspect of music that is tricky to pinpoint at times
Most people sample old songs that they heard their parents jamming to as children it is for different reasons but the ones I think make the most sense is to have the multi-generational appeal and to enjoy or vibe to the music that has a familiar sound/feel

-Data compression: shrinking music files to fit in smaller formats ex-mp3
Dynamic-much louder

HIS 390-blog for 11/12 class lecture
“The Latin Sound”

-The 20th century was the swing beat apart of all music until it was replaced with Rock in the 1950s
-Sampling Displacement
-People of Latin descent (mostly Puerto Rico and Cuba) came to America brought their style of music, aspects of their signature sound were found in pop music
-The Mambo Craze- started with Carlos Santana (a Mexican musician) who introduced the US the Latin sound
Everyone wanted to be a part of this wave by incorporating the Latin flair into their songs even Funk
-On the West Coast: Mexican-Labomba
-To me, the majority of the music that I’ve heard from the Mambo Craze sounds horrible and makes the artist appear to be fake
Almost all of it comes across as disingenuous and inauthentic
It is clear that artists of that time were attempting to follow the trend of what was seen as popular to make a hit record
In Cuban music, the guitar gets displaced by the piano
Argentina-The Tango was implemented in American music to get people to dance

“How music got free” by Steven Witt

The author found mp3 in 1997 in college
He downloaded multi-thousands of songs and albums for free
This was the beginning of the piracy generation

Colby North Carolina named Dell
The founder of Internet piracy
A few organized gropes released the original mp3 files.
Germany-inventors of the new music tech became rich

Spring of 1995 the end of the mp3
In Germany
Brandenburg leads the investigation to locate the original of mp3 and
Swiker- was an anatomy guy who created products in the analog era
Moving sounds together to trick the human ear
Physio acidic masking illusion
Sisor-a computer scientist
Who exploded Swimmer’s research flaws when CD
came out but he knew there would be a digital data compression but his invention was denied

Analysis by synthesis
Breaking up audio into bits. Overlapping tones
To me, this is complicated since I’m not into computer science or manipulating data
Huffman coding- by David Hoffman in
The 1950s look for patterns to combine bits pure simple tone

The original six -the team that helped Brandenburg
Stream music
Store music
They created comprehension technology
At&t and other large companies gave money to move this tech forward
A filter bank- tech that split sound into component frequencies
M peg game their endorsement of the New compressed music tech MP2 and the MP3 different format for digitizing music
The author illustrates his points with wonderful descriptions of people places and items BUT most of this information is unnecessary and distracts from the main points of the book

Glover (Dell) and Dockery friends who both enjoyed music computers and worked at the same factory
Music brought people together even those of different races and backgrounds

Dell worked at Polygram aka Phillips a music company they made CDs

I had never heard of an MP2 prior to reading this book but I am familiar with MP3 because I have owned a few different versions of MP3 players in the past and downloaded plenty of “free” music on the web
Music went from being creative to becoming business
In 1981 MTV was born and pop music turned it’s focus to singles

The order taker-authority- who had the info on what music was being sold
This was before computers and tracking of sales in the 1960s

Jimmy Iovine (in charge of Interscope records) and Morris
Pushed hardcore rap music
Started with Dr Dre tithe chronic
Death rope signed with Time Warner as their distributor
Snoop Dogg Dr Dre and 2 pac became their biggest super starts
Their first controversial group is 2 live Crew the only song to ever be banned in American history for obscenity face down ass up

Mp3 was seen as difficult to operate and was played on systems that were larger than VCR players

Steve Church-teloce
He listened the to the national hockey league to play music during games
1995 is the start of mp3 in North America during the new hockey season
Lp3 was a tool for ppl to create their own mp3 files at home
Later Intel was the first processor that could play an mp3 files from CDs
Brandenburg

The first handheld mp5 was the size of a brick and only held over minutes of sound
They created wind play for Windows 95 it could play 20 songs
By 1995 it cost $5

Wares (software) -digital piracy of anything with sound music games even porn

Glover ripped 2 pac all eyes on me from q CD then started it for free online

Morris signed Cash Money (headed by birdman and slim) -first hit was Juvenile song back that ass up

CD bootlegging was huge and a problem for record companies so they included the state to solve the problem by arresting people
Morris realized Micheal Jackson’s Thriller was the big change that was needed
Customers wanted better quality music to give them a reason to purchase music

The AAC tech took over, which was created by the Fran Hoffer team and backed by corporations

In every area (universal music group) there was someone leaking data
Music, movies, games etc

Seen fanner (college student) created Napster-trading mp3 online
Options to streaming music became the digital jukebox

Glover stole CDs from the music plant by wrapping them in one of his gloves, hid it in a crack of the grinder then put the CD in back of his belt buckle

I have to admit I used to use lime wire and remember when they were sure and sit down

Coim-The bit Torrence- make downloading faster by taking small bits from one song as multiple ppl were downloading it then convinced the bits together for the full song to play