“History of Genre”

-Displacement of people

-Strong beat on 2/4 for dancing (Black ppl)
-Strong beat on ⅓ for marching (White ppl)

-Most music has a displaced third beat, they either focus on 1 and 3 or 2 and 4

-The history of past music is present in music today

R&B-Rhythm and Blues
Swing beat is a blend of African and European music that created Pop music
R&B is my favorite genre of music I enjoy the lyrics more than the actual beat of R&B songs
There are very few songs that I recognize the song from the instrumental
For example Almost any song pf Luther Vandross
Now that I think about the breakdown of how songs are made and the beat placement and repetition it does ring true that the key indicators of Blues music is present in this genre of music
*The Great Migration
A lot of black ppl moved from rural areas to urban areas for industrial jobs

-1950s race records became known as R&B

-creator Blues Music, singer Betty Smith
Blues music came from the rock that was introduced in England
-Creator Muddy Waters (Folk-blended music) sang and played an instrument on the plantation was a famous singer
I can understand why Blues music originated from England, the feeling of Soul is universal and is not limited to just black people
-Reified- to reintroduce music from rural to industrial (ppl who were displaced)

-America’s racial issues are apart of all major musical genres (good and bad)

“History of Distribution”
*Beats
-placement, pull/push
Pull, Ahead -Rock
Push, Behind -R&B

Racial inflection
-20th century the Great Migration
Both black and white ppl moved from the southern states for industrial jobs
-white ppl moved to DC and CA mostly

-DC culture Bluegrass and GoGo music
I do enjoy listening to GoGo music and my family does as well
I remember hearing it played on the radio when we would drive through DC on our trip to VA
GoGo reminds me a lot of the Funk music my mother and uncle used to play and sing CONSTANTLY
-1925 intro to country music, was made from country white ppl missing their home is for working-class (white ppl)
-Can’t copyright cord progression since the same pattern is widely known and used by many ppl in Pop music
Music has become less original

-Creator of Jazz is Louis Armstrong
Jazz characteristics are 1,4,5 then back to 1 again (the basic Blues sound)
the first line of the song is repeated at least twice (normally 3 times)
Has a call and response

-The 1890s Folk music romantic nationalism
culture of mixed, creolism

“WE” – the U.S had a frontier that made us different from everyone else Fred Turner 1893

“American Popular Music”
-Race used to play a major role in American Pop music
Popular culture has become integrated over the years
-Minstrel Shows in early 1800s involved white men singing and performing in blackface
Instruments, songs, dance moves were simulated by white men for other white people’s entertainment
I don’t agree with the argument that blacks weren’t allowed to perform on stages in front of white audiences so the white men took it upon themselves to share the culture
I think the men who started the minstrel shows were attempting to mock black people to get laughs but they used the argument that they enjoyed the music and dance as a shield to defend themselves from appearing to be the white supremacist they really were
-I found it interesting that Irish immigrants back then decided to partake in the minstrel shows to be seen as more white
This is a luxury that black people don’t have
-The musical sound depicted in minstrel shows is now the signature sound for country music

“How the Internet Works”
Video Notes
-Networks: internetworks
Internet protocol
The internet: A network of networks that share each other, is decentralized, no one point of sending, info can take a different path, is neutral, no one source controls it
Messages sent via the internet are bits of data sent from devices
Internet exchange points: multiple service providers connect here to exchange traffic online
Some providers “Pair” to decrease the cost of exchanging traffic
Lecture Notes
-”Information wants to be free”
Info is more effective when its shared
The internet and world wide web aren’t the same
Tim Burns Lee: created: www aka the world wide web, is global hypertext
-the hypertext is huge: links info and networks to one another HTTP, URL
Html, web browsers

-Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and made electronics portable

Video:
Tech has been transformed
When signals were sent it was met with noise
Claude Shannon created a solution to this problem
He viewed info as numbers
(Probabilities)
Break anything into small pieces that the answer is yes or no
1 or 0
This helped to decrease the noise while transmitting info
The art design building to use the Garageband software

Lecture Comments
I found the intro to Garageband to be very interesting and eye-opening as well.
I think it is mind blowing that software can combine instruments by their mathematical code and the sounds can be blended through computer generation, this can make a unique piece of music.
I did not like the gospel singers that are on the software. I know Apple has the right to include what they like as long as they purchase it BUT it doesn’t mean that it is the right thing to do! Overall, I think it a great example of what technology can do and it does demonstrate the point of “The Information Age”.

“The Annihilation of Space and Time”

-Tech changed the human experience the most between 1880-1920
(some good and bad/destabilizing)

-Biggest were railroads and telegraphs in 1840’s most popular

-the first pic of a human being was in 1838, pic of Paris, frozen
(pics made people last forever, no time limits or death changed their existence)

-Refrigerated rail cars in 1880, made it possible to ship food, which changed people’s diets

-In 1830, every city/town had their own source of time (the sun) time depended on where you were on earth

-In the U.S by 1880, cities formed into regions near railroads

-By 1883, U.S was broken into 4 different time zones
Now the time of day depended on telegraph signals

-A central clock located in Washington DC determined time and space

-by 1853 time at work changed according to sunlight, winter shorter days and summer had long work days *Electric Light changed this
-with electric lights people now had set work hours daily, yearly

-by 1880 the U.S was heavily wired with electricity, telephones, and telegraphs

-Wire created “The Annihilation of Space and Time”

-Edition Invented movies: though they would be used to train people for industry jobs they were later transformed into forms of entertainment
movies were invented, captured moments in time
(movement and motion can now be recorded and broken down into distinct moments of time) -movies and photographs motions were popular by 1900
-Edison also invented cylinders commercially in the 1910s

*Emile Berliner created records “flat disks that replaced cylinders (a form of music production)

“A Mind Play”
-Claude Shannon invented ‘the information age’.
-the idea that geniuses are not religious just smart (similar idea as other author’s works we have been reading in this course)
-Info as an idea, the medium and meaning didn’t matter
-only the essence matter
-Bush put Shannon in charge of operating the Differential analyzer, he was fascinated by the switches
This machine’s inner workings: Binary choices, works like a brain
-Systems of transmitted info through various mediums like radio
-Information Theory-a mathematical code, a sequence of bits made up info lead to the Internet
-he figured out how to digitize info to send it from one point to another
-Using codes to communicate in areas that the phone company didn’t service (occurred in Gaylord Michigan and other cities in the U.S)
-Thompson invented Harmonic Analyzer: used a differential equation to calculate the location for shooting shells at enemies during WW1(an equation solving machine)
– Hannibal Ford created the Integrator: the missing part of the Harmonic Analyzer to assist with this machine called (measured currents under shells)
-Bush created the first Analog Computer as well as the Profile Tracer
-all inventions discussed in this book working models of a physical world
-I only found a small portion of this book to be helpful, most of it seems to be a biography of Claude Shannon, the background and major accomplishments of another important scientist (that created major inventions), which is of no interest to me

Idealism vs Realism
Idealist-belive in the divine, who leads them
Realist-have no external authority to guide them
Both think sunsets are beautiful
Idealist sees God in the sunset
Realist is reminded of a previous sunset that sparked a memory

Cold War”

-Computer accuracy is based on the understanding of the man working the device
Must understand the mechanism of a computer
Shafts: carry values throughout rep numerical value
Racks and opinions are used to rep shafts movements
Gears have a 2 to 1 ratio
Can be used as a communication mechanism they have a working surface and a follower

“As We May Think” by Vannevar Bush

“Consider a future device … in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory.”
-The telegram was a breakthrough in communication technology, which Vannevar Bush imagined could evolve in unprecedented ways.AP
-As Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, Dr. Vannevar Bush has coordinated the activities of some six thousand leading American scientists in the application of science to warfare. In this significant article, he holds up an incentive for scientists when the fighting has ceased. He urges that men of science should then turn to the massive task of making more accessible our bewildering store of knowledge

– He urges that men of science should then turn to the massive task of making more accessible our bewildering store of knowledge

-Like Emerson’s famous address of 1837 in “The American Scholar,” this paper by Dr. Bush calls for a new relationship between thinking man and the sum of our knowledge.

-Of what lasting benefit has been man’s use of science and of the new instruments which his research brought into existence?
First, they have increased the control of his material environment. They have improved his food, his clothing, his shelter; they have increased his security and released him partly from the bondage of bare existence. They have given him increased knowledge of his own biological processes so that he has had a progressive freedom from disease and an increased span of life. They are illuminating the interactions of his physiological and psychological functions, giving the promise of an improved mental health.

-Science has provided the swiftest communication between individuals; it has provided a record of ideas and has enabled man to manipulate and to make extracts from that record so that knowledge evolves and endures throughout the life of a race rather than that of an individual.

-the progression of photography over time from one phase to another